Not OP, but I know why carbon hurts (and why it’s useful!):

Carbon is stiffer than steel. That does a lot of stuff, but two things primarily - one good, one bad.

Good: the force you put into the pedals bends a steel frame more than it does a carbon frame. Every bit of force used to bend the frame is force that doesn’t get used to push you forwards, so a stiff carbon frame is a lot faster than a bendy steel one.

Bad: the force from the road works the same way as the force from your pedals: it also gets reduced with a bendier frame, and a stiff frame will take every bump and crack in the tarmac and put that force right into your taint.

They do quantify them. There’s been counters for that. The people speak out against them at town halls. It still goes up.