Garmin. You’ll probably spend a bit more on the hardware, but there’s nothing locked behind a subscription. I had the Fitbit Sense and switched to the Garmin Forerunner 265. If the skin temperature sensor is important to you, you’ll want a different model, but that’s the only thing I’ve noticed as missing so far.
Based on a reverse image search,
it looks like Binz, Germany? I’m leaning towards Strandzugang 7, but less confident about that.
https://maps.app.goo.gl/Mr4i8amzCD6DoUkw6